Data: lifetime and reason for closure of global darknet markets offering drugs
The darknet market ecosystem continues to consist of many short-lived markets.
Data source: EMCDDA, Web-IQ.
Notes: Start and end dates: the dates of the first and last known sales/withdrawals. Closure type – the reason for a market shut-down. Market status last checked on 31 December 2023.
A visualisation of this data set was published as part of EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators — Technology and innovation.
Market name | Start date | End date | Status / reason for closure |
---|---|---|---|
The Farmer's Market | 01/01/2010 | 01/03/2012 | Raided |
Silk Road | 31/01/2011 | 02/10/2013 | Raided |
Black Market Reloaded | 30/06/2011 | 02/12/2013 | Hacked |
Sheep Marketplace | 28/02/2013 | 29/11/2013 | Exit scam |
Atlantis | 26/03/2013 | 20/09/2013 | Exit scam |
BuyItNow | 30/04/2013 | 17/02/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Deepbay | 30/06/2013 | 04/11/2013 | Exit scam |
Budster | 10/10/2013 | 20/10/2013 | Exit scam |
Project Black Flag | 14/10/2013 | 28/10/2013 | Exit scam |
Pandora | 21/10/2013 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Silk Road 2.0 | 06/11/2013 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
TorMarket | 07/11/2013 | 22/12/2013 | Exit scam |
BlackBox Market | 12/11/2013 | 01/02/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Dream Market | 15/11/2013 | 24/03/2019 | Voluntary exit |
The Marketplace | 28/11/2013 | 09/11/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Pirate Market | 29/11/2013 | 15/08/2014 | Exit scam |
FloMarket | 01/12/2013 | 01/01/2014 | Hacked |
Black Market | 02/12/2013 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
FreeBay | 02/12/2013 | 28/02/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Blue Sky | 03/12/2013 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Agora | 03/12/2013 | 06/09/2015 | Voluntary exit |
Tortuga | 16/12/2013 | 05/01/2014 | Voluntary exit |
TorBay | 18/12/2013 | 20/04/2014 | Voluntary exit |
White Rabbit | 23/12/2013 | 01/02/2014 | Exit scam |
Outlaw Market | 29/12/2013 | 23/05/2017 | Unknown |
GreyRoad | 04/01/2014 | 01/02/2014 | Voluntary exit |
DrugList | 08/01/2014 | 28/02/2014 | Exit scam |
Evolution | 14/01/2014 | 18/03/2015 | Exit scam |
Doge Road | 18/01/2014 | 13/03/2014 | Exit scam |
Cantina | 20/01/2014 | 07/02/2014 | Hacked |
Tor Bazaar | 26/01/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
DarkBay | 30/01/2014 | 01/05/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Breaking Bad | 01/02/2014 | 06/02/2014 | Voluntary exit |
TorEscrow | 02/02/2014 | 19/04/2014 | Exit scam |
Black Goblin Market | 03/02/2014 | 04/02/2014 | Hacked |
Cannabis Road | 03/02/2014 | 07/02/2014 | Hacked |
Utopia | 03/02/2014 | 11/02/2014 | Raided |
BlackBank Market | 05/02/2014 | 18/05/2015 | Exit scam |
Cloud 9 | 11/02/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Darknet Nation | 19/02/2014 | 01/03/2014 | Hacked |
Sanitarium Market | 20/02/2014 | 28/03/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Hansa Marketplace | 09/03/2014 | 20/03/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Red Sun Marketplace | 20/03/2014 | 23/03/2014 | Hacked |
EXXTACY | 23/03/2014 | 24/03/2014 | Hacked |
Topix | 25/03/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Hydra | 27/03/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Cannabis Road 2 | 28/03/2014 | 25/08/2014 | Hacked |
Mr Nice Guy | 29/03/2014 | 20/04/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Andromeda | 05/04/2014 | 18/11/2014 | Exit scam |
Silk Street | 08/04/2014 | 04/08/2014 | Exit scam |
Underground Market | 09/04/2014 | 26/08/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Pigeon Market | 14/04/2014 | 07/05/2014 | Voluntary exit |
1776 | 19/04/2014 | 02/10/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Alpaca | 20/04/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Raided |
Tortuga 2 | 23/04/2014 | 17/06/2014 | Voluntary exit |
TOM | 10/05/2014 | 18/12/2014 | Exit scam |
Deepzon | 14/05/2014 | 13/07/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Onionshop | 18/05/2014 | 17/09/2014 | Hacked |
Area51 | 20/06/2014 | 24/01/2015 | Exit scam |
Middle Earth Marketplace | 22/06/2014 | 04/11/2015 | Exit scam |
Freedom Market | 16/09/2014 | 25/09/2014 | Voluntary exit |
Cannabis Road 3 | 06/10/2014 | 05/11/2014 | Exit scam |
Diabolus/SR3 | 13/10/2014 | 12/02/2017 | Unknown |
Nucleus Marketplace | 24/10/2014 | 13/04/2016 | Exit scam |
Panacea | 27/10/2014 | 13/02/2015 | Voluntary exit |
Silk Road 3.1 | 10/12/2014 | 31/07/2017 | Exit scam |
Abraxas | 13/12/2014 | 05/11/2015 | Exit scam |
AlphaBay | 22/12/2014 | 28/06/2017 | Raided |
Silk Road Reloaded | 13/01/2015 | 27/02/2016 | Unknown |
Free Market | 14/01/2015 | 26/02/2015 | Voluntary exit |
T•chka | 30/01/2015 | 28/11/2019 | Exit scam |
Crypto Market | 14/02/2015 | 12/02/2017 | Exit scam |
Kiss | 19/02/2015 | 16/05/2015 | Unknown |
Mr Nice Guy 2 | 21/02/2015 | 14/10/2015 | Exit scam |
Ironclad | 17/03/2015 | 25/03/2015 | Exit scam |
The Majestic Garden | 18/03/2015 | Open | |
TheRealDeal | 09/04/2015 | 22/10/2016 | Unknown |
Havana/Absolem | 13/04/2015 | 22/05/2015 | Hacked |
Oxygen | 16/04/2015 | 27/08/2015 | Exit scam |
East India Company | 28/04/2015 | 01/01/2016 | Exit scam |
Haven | 05/05/2015 | 06/06/2015 | Exit scam |
Zanzibar Spice | 07/05/2015 | 14/06/2015 | Voluntary exit |
Anarchia | 07/05/2015 | 09/05/2016 | Unknown |
Tornado | 12/05/2015 | 20/05/2015 | Unknown |
Horizon Market | 23/05/2015 | 08/07/2015 | Exit scam |
Agape | 29/05/2015 | 04/06/2015 | Voluntary exit |
Poseidon | 02/06/2015 | 29/06/2015 | Exit scam |
Amazon Dark | 08/06/2015 | 25/10/2015 | Exit scam |
Simply Bear | 20/06/2015 | 21/10/2015 | Exit scam |
Hansa | 09/08/2015 | 20/07/2017 | Raided |
Valhalla | 01/10/2015 | 01/02/2019 | Raided |
Hydra (2) | 01/12/2015 | 05/04/2022 | Raided |
Acropolis | 17/12/2015 | 22/06/2017 | Voluntary exit |
Apple Market | 23/02/2016 | 21/07/2017 | Unknown |
House of Lions Market | 14/03/2016 | 27/07/2017 | Unknown |
CGMC | 07/06/2016 | 14/05/2019 | Voluntary exit |
Minerva | 13/07/2016 | 22/06/2017 | Unknown |
TradeRoute | 01/08/2016 | 15/10/2017 | Exit scam |
Wall Street Market | 25/10/2016 | 16/04/2019 | Raided |
RSClub Market | 27/10/2016 | 26/10/2017 | Hacked |
Berlusconi Market | 01/11/2016 | 27/09/2019 | Raided |
Zion Market | 01/12/2016 | 17/05/2018 | Exit scam |
OW Market | 14/02/2017 | 01/05/2018 | Unknown |
Infinite Market | 01/04/2017 | 08/05/2018 | Unknown |
Placemarket | 13/04/2017 | 22/06/2017 | Unknown |
Libertas | 14/10/2017 | 19/06/2019 | Voluntary exit |
Agora Reloaded | 08/11/2017 | 01/01/2018 | Hacked |
Empire Market | 01/02/2018 | 24/08/2020 | Exit scam |
Serpent Market | 08/02/2018 | 01/08/2018 | Unknown |
Olympus Market | 24/02/2018 | 05/09/2018 | Exit scam |
Apollon | 09/03/2018 | Open | |
Cannazon | 21/03/2018 | 14/11/2021 | Voluntary exit |
Agartha Market | 19/04/2018 | 23/03/2021 | Hacked |
Rapture Market | 21/04/2018 | 17/11/2018 | Exit scam |
Cryptonia | 06/10/2018 | 23/11/2019 | Exit scam |
DIabolus/SR3 | 12/10/2018 | 01/05/2019 | Exit scam |
Tor Market | 23/11/2018 | Open | |
Enigma Market | 16/02/2019 | 12/04/2020 | Voluntary exit |
Yellow Brick Market | 18/02/2019 | 11/01/2021 | Exit scam |
Nightmare | 01/04/2019 | 24/11/2019 | Exit scam |
Dreamalt | 01/04/2019 | 30/03/2020 | Exit scam |
Genesis | 01/05/2019 | 24/08/2019 | Exit scam |
Dark Market | 20/06/2019 | 12/12/2021 | Raided |
Grey | 01/07/2019 | 01/12/2019 | Exit scam |
Samsara | 06/07/2019 | 09/11/2019 | Exit scam |
Monopoly Market | 13/07/2019 | 28/12/2021 | Unknown |
Big Blue Market | 15/08/2019 | 08/04/2021 | Exit scam |
WhiteHouse Market (WHM) | 24/08/2019 | 12/10/2021 | Voluntary exit |
Darkbey | 03/09/2019 | 01/07/2020 | Unknown |
Silk Road 4 | 06/09/2019 | 06/01/2021 | Exit scam |
Cannahome Market | 15/09/2019 | 26/04/2022 | Voluntary exit |
Metropolis market | 04/10/2019 | 30/06/2021 | Voluntary exit |
Avaris | 18/10/2019 | 09/03/2020 | Exit scam |
Avior | 27/10/2019 | 01/05/2020 | Exit scam |
Versus Market | 12/12/2019 | 22/05/2022 | Voluntary exit |
Cypher Market | 09/02/2020 | Open | |
Square Market | 13/02/2020 | 01/09/2020 | Exit scam |
Black market | 20/02/2020 | 14/06/2020 | Exit scam |
Darkfox market | 24/02/2020 | Open | |
Europa Market | 25/02/2020 | 20/05/2020 | Exit scam |
ToRReZ Market | 28/02/2020 | 17/12/2021 | Voluntary exit |
ASAP | 25/03/2020 | 28/07/2023 | Voluntary exit |
Icarus Market | 26/03/2020 | 09/09/2020 | Unknown |
DeepSea | 08/04/2020 | 14/10/2020 | Exit scam |
Yakuza market | 08/04/2020 | Open | |
Babylon | 16/04/2020 | Open | |
Archetyp | 17/05/2020 | Open | |
Dark0de (aka Dark0de Reborn) | 24/05/2020 | 23/02/2022 | Exit scam |
Vice City | 25/05/2020 | 27/07/2023 | Exit scam |
Daeva market | 14/06/2020 | 28/02/2021 | Unknown |
Cartel Market | 15/06/2020 | 24/12/2021 | Unknown |
Hyper Market | 21/06/2020 | 26/10/2020 | Voluntary exit |
Tor2door Market | 03/07/2020 | 14/09/2023 | Exit scam |
Corona Market | 07/07/2020 | 14/03/2021 | Exit scam |
Neptune market | 14/07/2020 | 25/02/2021 | Unknown |
Potluck market | 25/08/2020 | 18/01/2021 | Voluntary exit |
Invictus | 27/08/2020 | Open | |
Phoenix Market | 02/09/2020 | 12/01/2021 | Voluntary exit |
LimeMarket | 14/09/2020 | Open | |
Aurora Market | 02/11/2020 | 04/05/2021 | Exit scam |
World Market | 09/11/2020 | 08/03/2022 | Exit scam |
Incognito | 14/01/2021 | Open | |
Libery | 21/01/2021 | Open | |
Revolution Market | 01/04/2021 | 01/06/2022 | Voluntary exit |
Hermes | 01/04/2021 | Open | |
Kingdom Market | 19/04/2021 | 19/12/2023 | Raided |
UnionMarket | 24/04/2021 | Open | |
MGM Grand Market | 26/04/2021 | Open | |
Bohemia | 01/05/2021 | Open | |
The Hive | 24/05/2021 | Open | |
Nemesis | 26/05/2021 | Open | |
Victory Market | 01/06/2021 | Open | |
Chiron | 04/08/2021 | Open | |
Ares | 08/08/2021 | Open | |
Alphabay | 08/08/2021 | 28/11/2022 | Exit scam |
Evil Corp | 17/08/2021 | Open | |
Casio Market | 16/09/2021 | Open | |
Abacus (Alphabet) | 28/09/2021 | Open | |
Quest | 20/10/2021 | Open | |
Kerberos | 02/02/2022 | Open | |
Alien | 08/02/2022 | 04/07/2022 | Hacked |
Black Pyramid | 03/03/2022 | Open | |
Lion Marketplace | 10/03/2022 | Open | |
Asur | 11/03/2022 | Open | |
Omicron | 30/03/2022 | 23/07/2022 | Hacked |
Cosmos | 04/04/2022 | Open | |
GrandBazaar | 01/05/2022 | Open | |
Solaris | 14/05/2022 | Open | |
Holy Grail | 30/05/2022 | Open | |
Courier | 01/07/2022 | Open | |
Cloud | 05/07/2022 | 24/12/2022 | Voluntary exit |
DarkDock | 14/07/2022 | Open | |
Mellow | 01/09/2022 | 25/04/2023 | Voluntary exit |
TorZon | 12/09/2022 | Open | |
Sonanza | 20/09/2022 | Open | |
Cannabia | 01/11/2022 | Open | |
Apocalypse | 16/12/2022 | Open | |
High supply | 31/03/2023 | 01/09/2023 | Voluntary exit |
Euphoria | 30/05/2023 | Open |