Monitoring the supply of heroin to Europe
Introduction
In recent years, anxiety in Europe has increased about the impact of record opium harvests in Afghanistan, and a decrease in heroin retail prices. This datasheet provides a condensed review of the key issues about how heroin manufactured from Afghan opium reaches European consumers via the Balkan and northern routes.
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Table of contents
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Afghanistan: main producer of illicit poppy
- Heroin entering Europe: the different routes
- The Balkan route
- The ‘northern route’
- European routes
- Alternative routes and new markets
- Traffic of acetic anhydride
- European and international initiatives
- Conclusion
- References