Monitoring the supply of heroin to Europe

Introduction

In recent years, anxiety in Europe has increased about the impact of record opium harvests in Afghanistan, and a decrease in heroin retail prices. This datasheet provides a condensed review of the key issues about how heroin manufactured from Afghan opium reaches European consumers via the Balkan and northern routes.

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Table of contents

  • Foreword
  • Introduction
  • Afghanistan: main producer of illicit poppy
  • Heroin entering Europe: the different routes
  • The Balkan route
  • The ‘northern route’
  • European routes
  • Alternative routes and new markets
  • Traffic of acetic anhydride
  • European and international initiatives
  • Conclusion
  • References
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